Geometric mean of LBA, Authority and TOM. Penalises any single weak metric.
What the model believes about Paystack without web search.
Measures what GPT-5 believes about Paystack from training alone, before any web search. We probe the model 5 times across 5 different angles and score 5 sub-signals.
High overlap with brand prompts shows Paystack is firmly in the model's "payment service provider" category.
Paystack is known for helping businesses in Africa accept online and offline payments easily, especially card, bank transfer, and mobile money payments through APIs and payment tools.
Paystack is known for helping businesses in Africa accept online payments easily, with tools for card payments, bank transfers, recurring billing, and payment links.
Unprompted recall on 15 high-volume discovery prompts, run 5 times each in pure recall mode (no web). Brands that surface here are baked into the model's training, not borrowed from live search.
| Discovery prompt | Volume | Appeared | Positions (5 runs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| What are the best payment service providers for small businesses? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| What are the top payment service provider options for online stores? | 10 | 0/5 | — |
| Which payment service providers are most recommended for merchants? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| What payment service providers are popular for accepting card payments? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| What are the best payment service providers for e-commerce? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| Which payment service provider brands are considered the best for businesses? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| What are the most trusted payment service providers for merchants? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| What are the top-rated payment service providers for payment processing? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| Which payment service providers are best for accepting multiple payment methods? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| What are the best payment service providers for new businesses? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| What are the leading payment service provider companies? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| Which payment service providers are best for merchant accounts? | 90 | 0/5 | — |
| What are the most popular payment service providers for small merchants? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| What payment service providers do most online merchants use? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
| What are the best payment service providers overall? | 0 | 0/5 | — |
This report focuses on Payment Service Providers because that is where Paystack scores highest. The model also evaluates it against the industries below, with their own prompts and competitor sets. Click any industry for the matching report.
Generated automatically from gaps and weaknesses in the analysis above, ranked by potential impact on the AI Visibility Score.
Your Authority is low across category queries. Users asking about your category do not see you. Priority: get listed in "best of" and "top N" articles for your category on domains with strong training-data crawl presence.
+10 to +25 on AuthorityThe model knows your brand when asked directly (LBA > 0) but never volunteers you in category queries. You are outside the model's go-to list. Co-mention density with established category leaders is the single biggest lever: get listed in "Top 10 X" articles alongside the brands the model currently names.
+10 to +30 on TOM over 12-18 monthsYour LBA is strong. Focus on maintaining authoritative coverage and ensuring new product launches get independent reviews within 12 months of release.
Maintain current LBAOther brands in the Payment Service Providers industry, ranked by overall AI Visibility Score.
Every score on this page is reproducible. Below is exactly what we ran and how we computed each number.
composite = ((LBA + 5)(Authority + 5)(TOM + 5))^(1/3) - 5. The floor keeps brands the model clearly recognises but doesn't yet recommend from collapsing to zero, while a single genuinely weak metric still pulls the composite down. Full methodology.
quality × meta × stability × share × recognition × 100. Each sub-signal is on a 0-1 scale. Read the full LBA methodology →
Analysis run on April 22, 2026 at 10:26 PM
Click a prompt to expand its responses. 210 total responses across 72 prompts.
Paystack is known for helping businesses in Africa accept online and offline payments easily, especially card, bank transfer, and mobile money payments through APIs and payment tools.
Paystack is known for helping businesses in Africa accept online payments easily, with tools for card payments, bank transfers, recurring billing, and payment links.
Paystack is known for helping businesses in Africa accept online payments easily. It provides payment infrastructure and APIs for card payments, bank transfers, mobile money, and other payment methods.
Paystack is known for its payment processing infrastructure that helps businesses in Africa accept online and offline payments easily.
Paystack is known for helping businesses in Africa accept online payments easily, especially through payment gateways, APIs, and tools for card, bank transfer, and mobile money payments.
Paystack’s main strengths are its developer-friendly APIs, easy integration, strong payment reliability, and broad support for local payment methods in Africa, especially in Nigeria. It’s also known for clean documentation, fast onboarding, and good support for startups and SMEs.
Its main weaknesses are limited geographic coverage compared with global processors, dependency on the African markets it serves, and potential challenges for very large enterprises that need more complex, multi-region payment infrastructure. It can also face the usual fintech risks around regulatory changes, fraud, and downtime sensitivity.
Paystack’s main strengths are its developer-friendly payments platform, fast and simple integration, reliable local payment support across African markets, strong checkout experience, and solid API/docs that made it popular with startups and online businesses. It’s also backed by Stripe, which boosts credibility and resources.
Main weaknesses: it’s strongest in online/digital payments rather than broad full-stack banking; coverage can still be limited versus global processors outside its core African markets; pricing may be less attractive for very small merchants; and some businesses may want more advanced enterprise features, settlement options, or deeper customization than Paystack offers.
Paystack’s main strengths are its clean developer-friendly payments API, quick onboarding for businesses, strong local payment coverage in Africa, reliable checkout experience, and solid tools for automation, reconciliation, and fraud reduction. It’s especially strong for startups and online businesses that want to accept cards, bank transfers, and other local payment methods with minimal integration pain.
Its weaknesses are that it’s still geographically limited compared with global giants, can be dependent on local banking/payment rails that vary by country, and may be less suited to very large enterprises needing deep customization across many markets. Some merchants also find pricing, settlement timing, or support experiences less ideal depending on their use case and location.
Paystack’s main strengths are: strong developer-friendly payment APIs, easy integration, reliable payment processing, good support for businesses in Africa (especially Nigeria), broad payment method support, and a solid reputation for security and compliance. Its weaknesses are: limited geographic coverage compared with global payment giants, dependence on local banking/regulatory environments, occasional issues with settlement timing or platform availability reported by some users, and less appeal for non-technical merchants who want a fully no-code setup.
Paystack’s main strengths are its developer-friendly API, simple onboarding, reliable payments infrastructure, and strong fit for African businesses—especially in Nigeria and other markets where it helps companies accept cards, bank transfers, and local payment methods easily. It’s also known for clean documentation, good customer experience, and strong support for online commerce and subscriptions.
Its main weaknesses are that it’s mostly focused on supported African markets, so its geographic reach is more limited than global processors. It can also be less ideal for very complex enterprise payment setups compared with larger global platforms, and merchants may still face local payment, banking, or regulatory friction depending on the market. Costs and product availability can also be less flexible outside its core regions.
Use Paystack if you’re a business, startup, or freelancer in Africa that needs to accept card, bank transfer, USSD, Apple Pay, or recurring payments online with a simple developer-friendly setup. It’s especially good for e-commerce, SaaS, digital products, and local payments in supported markets.
Avoid Paystack if you’re outside its supported countries, need very advanced enterprise-grade customization/compliance, or want a provider with the broadest global coverage across many regions. Also avoid it if your business model relies mainly on countries/currencies Paystack doesn’t support well.
Paystack is best for businesses in Africa that want to accept online payments easily—especially startups, SMEs, SaaS companies, e-commerce stores, marketplaces, and nonprofits that need cards, bank transfer, USSD, and local payment options. It’s a strong fit if you want a developer-friendly checkout, payment links, recurring billing, and relatively fast setup.
You should avoid it if you operate mainly outside its supported markets, need a very specialized enterprise payments stack, or require payment methods and country coverage Paystack doesn’t support. It may also be a poor fit if you want extremely custom, high-volume international acquiring with deep global payments orchestration out of the box.
Paystack is a good fit for businesses in Africa that want to accept online payments easily—especially startups, SMEs, SaaS companies, e-commerce stores, marketplaces, and developers who need cards, bank transfers, and local payment methods with straightforward APIs.
You should avoid it if you’re outside Paystack’s supported markets, need a payment processor for very high-risk or heavily regulated businesses, want the broadest possible global payment coverage, or need deeply custom enterprise payments/treasury tooling that Paystack doesn’t offer.
Paystack is best for businesses that want to accept online payments easily—especially startups, SMEs, marketplaces, SaaS products, and merchants operating in Nigeria and other supported African markets. It’s a good fit if you need cards, bank transfers, USSD, recurring payments, or simple payment integration.
You may want to avoid it if you operate outside Paystack’s supported countries, need a very global enterprise payments setup, or require very specialized payment rails and custom risk controls that a larger enterprise processor may offer.
Use Paystack if you’re a business, startup, freelancer, or nonprofit that needs to accept online payments, subscriptions, invoices, or payment links—especially if you sell in Africa or to African customers. It’s a good fit for ecommerce, SaaS, services, and marketplaces.
Avoid Paystack if you’re not in a supported market, need a fully global payment stack, only take cash/bank transfers offline, or your business has very simple/local-only payment needs that don’t justify a payment gateway. It may also be a poor fit if you need deep enterprise customizations or niche payment methods Paystack doesn’t support.
Paystack is generally seen as one of the strongest payment gateways in Africa, especially for developer-friendly APIs, clean checkout experience, and strong reliability.
Compared with its main competitors:
Overall: Paystack stands out for ease of use, developer tooling, and a smooth merchant experience, while some competitors may beat it on coverage, local rails, or enterprise-specific features.
Paystack is generally seen as one of the strongest payment infrastructure companies in Africa, especially for developer-friendly online payments.
Compared with main competitors:
In short: Paystack’s edge is product quality, developer experience, and ease of integration; its main tradeoff versus some rivals is less breadth than the biggest pan-African players.
Paystack is generally seen as one of the easiest-to-use payment platforms for African businesses, especially for online card payments, bank transfers, and developer-friendly integrations.
Compared with its main competitors:
Overall: Paystack’s biggest strengths are ease of integration, reliability, and local-market fit. Its main tradeoff is that competitors like Flutterwave may offer wider geographic coverage and more payment options.
Paystack is generally seen as one of the strongest payment platforms in Africa, especially for developers and online businesses in Nigeria and Ghana. Compared with its main competitors:
Overall, Paystack’s biggest strengths are ease of integration, reliability, developer tools, and strong local payment support. Its main tradeoff is that it is less broad than some regional or global competitors in geographic reach and advanced enterprise features.
Paystack is generally seen as one of the strongest payment platforms in Africa, especially for developer-friendly online payments.
Overall: Paystack competes by being simpler, developer-first, and very strong for online payments in Nigeria and parts of Africa, though some competitors have wider geographic coverage or more payment options.
People commonly complain about Paystack’s:
Complaints vary by region and use case, but reliability, support speed, and compliance friction come up most often.
People typically complain about Paystack’s occasional payment failures or delays, webhook/settlement issues, KYC or account verification friction, and slow or inconsistent customer support. Some also mention chargeback/dispute handling and integration quirks for developers.
People commonly complain about Paystack’s customer support speed, delayed settlements/payouts, account verification or compliance hold-ups, occasional failed or reversed transactions, refund/dispute handling, and occasional issues with API/dashboard reliability or error messages.
People commonly complain about Paystack’s customer support speed, transaction failures/charges that are delayed or not immediately reversed, account verification/KYC being strict or slow, and occasional payout settlement delays. Some also mention integration quirks or dashboard/API issues, especially when they’re setting it up for the first time.
People commonly complain about Paystack’s customer support response time, account freezes/verification delays, settlement delays, failed or reversed transactions, and how strict the compliance/KYC checks can be for merchants.
A typical payment service provider is known for enabling businesses to accept and process payments, such as credit/debit cards, bank transfers, and digital wallets, securely and efficiently.
A typical payment service provider is known for securely processing online and in-store payments, such as card transactions, bank transfers, and digital wallets, while handling payment authorization, fraud checks, and settlement between customers and merchants.
A typical payment service provider is known for processing online payments securely and efficiently, connecting merchants, banks, and card networks, and often offering features like fraud detection, payment gateways, and multiple payment methods.
A typical payment service provider is known for enabling businesses to accept and process electronic payments, such as credit and debit cards, online checkout payments, and digital wallets.
A typical payment service provider is known for enabling businesses to accept and process payments securely, such as credit cards, debit cards, bank transfers, and digital wallets.
For subscription businesses, the best payment service providers are usually:
If you want, I can narrow this down by your business type, average ticket size, and countries you sell in.
For subscription businesses, the strongest options are usually:
My quick recommendation:
If you tell me your business model (B2B SaaS, memberships, app subscriptions, usage-based, global vs US-only), I can narrow it to the best 2–3.
Good options for restaurants include:
If you want the simplest recommendation:
If you tell me your restaurant type and monthly card volume, I can narrow it to the best 2–3.
A few PSPs work especially well for restaurants:
Quick pick:
If you want, I can narrow this down by restaurant type: QSR, full-service, bar, café, food truck, or multi-location chain.
For retail stores, the best payment service providers are usually the ones with strong in-person POS hardware, simple pricing, reliable terminals, and good inventory/reporting tools.
If you want, I can also give you a top 5 ranked by low fees, best hardware, or best for multi-location stores.
For retail stores, the best PSPs usually are:
Quick pick:
If you want, I can narrow this to your store size, monthly card volume, and whether you need online sales.
Good options for international sales include:
If you want the safest default picks:
If you tell me your business type, country, and main target markets, I can narrow it to the best 2–3.
Good picks for international sales:
Quick rule of thumb:
If you want, I can narrow this to the best 3 for your business type (ecommerce, SaaS, marketplace, or B2B).
For high-risk merchants, the best providers are usually high-risk merchant account specialists rather than mainstream PSPs like Stripe/Square.
If you tell me your industry, country, monthly volume, and chargeback rate, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
For most high-risk merchants, the strongest choices I found are:
Best pick by use case:
If you want, I can narrow this to your exact industry (CBD, adult, supplements, travel, subscriptions, etc.) and give you a tighter shortlist.
Some of the best payment service providers for nonprofits are:
If you want, I can also give you the best options by nonprofit size or compare fees side-by-side.
For most nonprofits, the best choices are:
Quick pick:
If you want, I can also give you a top 3 by nonprofit size or compare them by fees, ACH, recurring donations, and in-person giving.
For most startups, the best payment service providers are:
If you’re unsure, start with Stripe. It’s usually the best all-around choice for startups.
If you want, I can also give you a “best PSP by startup model” shortlist based on your business type, country, and monthly payment volume.
For most startups, Stripe is the best default choice: it has simple pay-as-you-go pricing, no setup/monthly fees on standard pricing, lots of payment methods, built-in fraud tools, and a startup program aimed at venture-backed companies. (stripe.com)
Good alternatives by use case:
If you want, I can give you a top 3 shortlist for your exact startup (online SaaS, marketplace, ecommerce, or local service business).
For most small online businesses, the best payment service providers are:
If you’re starting out, use Stripe + PayPal together. That combo covers most customer preferences and is common for small online stores.
If you want, I can also give you the best PSPs by country, by business type, or a fee comparison chart.
For most small online businesses, the best picks are:
Quick rule:
If you tell me your platform, monthly sales, and whether you sell subscriptions or internationally, I can narrow it to the best 1–2 options.
Many major payment service providers support recurring billing/subscriptions, including:
If you tell me your region, business type, and whether you need cards, ACH, or direct debit, I can narrow it down to the best options.
Yes—many major payment service providers support recurring billing, including:
If you want, I can also narrow this down by:
Top payment service providers for marketplaces:
Best picks by use case:
If you want, I can narrow this down to the best 3 for your marketplace type (e.g. SaaS marketplace, gig platform, e-commerce marketplace, or B2B).
If you’re building a marketplace, the best PSPs today are usually:
Also worth a look:
My short recommendation:
If you want, I can narrow this to the best 3 for your exact marketplace type (physical goods, services, SaaS, gigs, travel, etc.).
The best payment service providers depend on whether you need in-person, online, or both. Top choices:
If you tell me your business type, country, and whether you need subscriptions, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
Best choices depend on your business model, but these are the usual top picks:
Quick rule:
If you want, I can narrow this to the best PSP for your business type (e.g., retail, SaaS, restaurant, marketplace, or omnichannel DTC).
The easiest payment service providers to integrate with websites are usually:
Simplest for most websites:
If you tell me your platform (WordPress, Shopify, custom site, etc.), I can recommend the easiest one for your setup.
If your goal is the easiest website integration, the best bets are:
My short recommendation:
If you want, I can rank them for small business, subscription billing, or no-code website builders.
For SaaS, the “best” payment service provider usually depends on whether you want fast setup, global reach, subscription tooling, or platform/marketplace support.
If you want, I can also give you a best provider by SaaS stage (startup, growth, enterprise) or a Stripe vs Paddle vs Adyen comparison.
For most SaaS companies, the best choices are:
If you need a billing layer on top of a PSP, Chargebee is worth considering; it supports 40+ gateways and is built for subscription billing, but it’s more of a billing/revenue platform than a standalone PSP. (chargebee.com)
My quick ranking:
If you want, I can also give you a best PSP by company stage (startup, scaleup, enterprise) or by region (US/EU/global).
Some strong options:
If you want, I can narrow this to the best 3 for ecommerce, subscriptions, or marketplaces.
Yes—these payment service providers are known for strong built-in fraud protection:
If you want, I can narrow this to the best choice for small businesses, SaaS, or high-risk ecommerce.
Here are some of the best payment service providers for mobile payments, depending on your needs:
If you want the shortest recommendation:
If you tell me your country, business size, and whether you need in-app, in-store, or online mobile payments, I can narrow it to the top 3.
If you’re building mobile checkout / in-app payments, my short list is:
My pick:
If you want, I can also rank them for your exact use case: app checkout, subscriptions, marketplace, or in-person tap-to-pay.
For small merchants with low volume, the best PSPs are usually the ones with no monthly fee, fast onboarding, and simple pricing.
For low volume, avoid providers with:
If you want, I can also give you a best PSP by country or a fee comparison for your expected monthly volume.
For small merchants with low volume, the best fit is usually a no-monthly-fee, pay-as-you-go PSP. My short list:
My pick:
If you want, I can also rank these for your exact use case (online only, storefront, invoicing, or subscriptions).
Here are the strongest payment service providers for cross-border payments, depending on your use case:
If you tell me your business type, target countries, and payment volume, I can narrow this to the best 2–3 options.
Here are the strongest cross-border payment service providers right now:
My quick pick:
If you want, I can also give you a ranked list by business type (SaaS, marketplace, ecommerce, remittance, or enterprise).
For high-volume merchants, the best PSPs are usually the ones with strong global processing, smart routing, fraud tools, and enterprise support.
If you want, I can also give you a shortlist by industry (SaaS, travel, retail, marketplaces, subscription businesses).
For high-volume merchants, the strongest PSPs right now are usually:
Quick pick:
If you want, I can turn this into a ranked shortlist for your specific business (e.g. U.S. e-commerce, SaaS, marketplace, travel, subscription, or omnichannel retail).
The best payment service providers for recurring donations are usually the ones that support subscription-style payments, ACH/bank debits, low fees, and nonprofit CRM integrations.
If you want, I can also give you a top 5 list for small nonprofits, large charities, or US-only vs global.
For recurring donations, the best choices are usually:
My quick pick:
If you want, I can also give you a ranked list by fee, donor conversion, or nonprofit features.
Here are some of the best payment service providers for B2B payments, depending on what you need:
If you want, I can also give you a top 5 shortlist by company size, region, or transaction type.
For most B2B teams, the best providers are:
If you want a simple rule:
If you want, I can turn this into a ranked shortlist for your exact use case (e.g. SaaS invoicing, marketplace payouts, AP automation, or international supplier payments).
If you mean Stripe, the best alternatives are:
If you tell me your business type—ecommerce, SaaS, in-person retail, subscription, or international—I can narrow it to the top 3.
If you mean Stripe, the best alternatives are usually:
Quick pick:
If you want, I can narrow this down to the best 3 for your business type (SaaS, ecommerce, subscriptions, retail, or marketplace).
If you mean Stripe, the best alternatives are:
Quick picks:
If you want, I can narrow this down by business type (e-commerce, SaaS, retail, high-risk, subscription, etc.).
If you mean the largest U.S. merchant services/acquiring player, Global Payments is currently ranked #1 in the 2026 TSG U.S. merchant acquirer directory, with JPMorgan Chase, Fiserv, and Worldpay also among the biggest. (digitaltransactions.net)
Best alternatives by type:
If you want the simplest shortlist:
If you tell me your business type, monthly card volume, and whether you need in-person POS or online-only, I can narrow it to the top 2–3.
If you want lower-fee payment service providers, these usually compare best:
If you tell me your country, monthly sales volume, and online vs in-person, I can narrow it to the cheapest 2–3 options.
If your main goal is lower processing fees, the best-looking options right now are usually:
For comparison, the big convenience players are typically pricier at standard rates:
Rule of thumb:
If you want, I can narrow this to online store, in-person retail, SaaS, or nonprofit and give you the cheapest-fit shortlist.
Best alternatives to a full-service payment platform depend on what you need to replace:
If you want the simplest “non-full-suite” setup, a common combo is: Stripe + QuickBooks + a separate fraud tool like Signifyd.
If you tell me your business type (e-commerce, SaaS, retail, marketplace, etc.), I can narrow this to the best 3 options.
If you want alternatives to a full-service payment platform like Stripe/Adyen, the best options are usually these:
Best if you want more control over your processor/banking setup. A gateway-only setup routes card payments while your merchant account holds and deposits the funds. Authorize.net explicitly offers a gateway-only model and notes that you need a merchant account for it. (authorize.net)
Best for larger businesses that want to connect multiple processors, acquirers, wallets, and fraud tools through one integration. Spreedly and Gr4vy both position orchestration as a way to use multiple payment services with a single integration. (spreedly.com)
Best for B2B, invoices, and lower-fee domestic U.S. payments. Nacha says ACH reaches every U.S. bank and credit union account, and Same Day ACH can settle within hours. (nacha.org)
Best for service businesses, freelancers, and recurring billing. Stripe’s invoicing product is designed to create, send, collect, and reconcile invoices. (stripe.com)
Best if you want to mix tools: accounting software, tax, fraud, subscriptions, and payments separately instead of one bundled vendor. Payment orchestration platforms are often used this way. (spreedly.com)
Quick rule of thumb:
If you want, I can turn this into a “best alternative by business type” list.
Chargeback protection varies a lot by PSP. Most offer fraud screening, but only some offer actual chargeback guarantees/coverage.
If you want true chargeback protection, look for:
If you want, I can make a side-by-side table for Stripe vs PayPal vs Adyen vs Checkout.com based on your business type.
Here’s the practical comparison:
Rule of thumb:
If you want, I can turn this into a side-by-side table for your exact business type (ecommerce, SaaS, subscriptions, in-person, high-risk, etc.).
Best alternatives to a bundled payment gateway + processor are:
If you want the closest “best” replacement:
If you tell me your use case (e-commerce, SaaS, B2B, high-risk, international, subscriptions), I can narrow it to the top 3.
If you want to avoid a single bundled gateway+processor, the main alternatives are:
Best if you want more control and easier processor switching. Authorize.net is a classic gateway-only option and explicitly requires a separate merchant account for card acceptance. (support.authorize.net)
Best for simplicity if you still want one vendor, but with more enterprise-grade controls. Adyen and Checkout.com both position themselves as unified platforms that combine gateway, processing, and acquiring. (adyen.com)
Best if you already have (or want) a specific merchant account/provider and don’t want to replatform. Authorize.net’s gateway-only setup is designed for this model. (authorize.net)
Best for larger merchants that want to route payments across multiple processors for resilience or cost optimization. Stripe’s orchestration docs describe routing payments across multiple processors. (docs.stripe.com)
My quick picks:
If you want, I can narrow this to the best option for your business type (SaaS, ecommerce, marketplace, B2B, high-risk, etc.).
For online businesses, you usually want an ecommerce-first PSP rather than a POS-first one.
If your business is mostly online, prioritize:
If you want, I can also give you a best PSP by business type list: SaaS, ecommerce, subscriptions, marketplace, or high-risk.
For online-first businesses, I’d usually pick:
If your business is mostly in-person, options like Square are more POS-centric; Square’s own materials emphasize its POS app and syncing in-person with online sales. (squareup.com)
Quick rule:
If you want, I can narrow this to the best 3 for your business model.
If you want to avoid long contracts, the best alternatives are usually month-to-month / prepaid / no-contract plans.
Mobile service
Home internet
If you tell me whether you mean mobile, internet, or TV, I can narrow it to the best 3 options.
If you want to avoid long contracts, the best alternatives are usually:
Best overall pick:
If you want, I can narrow this down for phone, internet, or insurance.
For international merchants, global PSPs are usually better than domestic-focused ones because they offer multi-currency settlement, local payment methods, cross-border acquiring, and better FX control.
Domestic-first providers like Square, Toast, SumUp, and Helcim are often better for local card acceptance than for complex cross-border selling.
Choose an international PSP if you need:
If you tell me your country, sales regions, and monthly volume, I can narrow it to the top 3 best-fit providers.
For international merchants, I’d usually shortlist:
Rule of thumb:
If you tell me your main countries, monthly volume, and whether you need subscriptions or marketplaces, I can narrow it to 2–3 best fits.
If a provider has limited integrations, the best alternatives are usually platforms with large app ecosystems and solid APIs.
Good options by category:
If you mean a specific type of product, here are strong integration-heavy alternatives:
If you tell me what kind of provider you’re replacing, I can give the best 3 alternatives.
Best alternatives usually fall into 3 buckets:
Pick a platform with a larger native app marketplace and stronger API support.
Use tools like Zapier, Make, Workato, or n8n to connect systems without switching providers.
Choose a provider with a solid API and build the integrations yourself or via a developer.
If you want a practical rule:
If you tell me which provider you’re trying to replace and what integrations you need (CRM, accounting, HR, ecommerce, etc.), I can suggest the best specific alternatives.
Use a payment processor + payment gateway. Easiest options:
If you want the least hassle: use Stripe Checkout.
If you want, I can tell you the best option for your website platform (WordPress, Shopify, Wix, WooCommerce, custom site, etc.).
Use a payment processor and a checkout integration.
Common options: Stripe, PayPal, Square, Adyen.
If you want the fastest setup, use Stripe Checkout or PayPal Checkout.
…I can tell you the best setup and exact steps.
A simple way to set up payment processing is:
If you want, I can recommend the best setup based on your platform (Shopify, WooCommerce, Wix, Squarespace, or custom).
Set it up like this:
If you tell me what platform you’re using (Shopify, WooCommerce, Wix, custom site, etc.), I can give you the exact setup steps.
To start accepting payments as a merchant, you usually need:
If you want, I can recommend the best setup for your business type—online store, retail, restaurant, or service business.
To start accepting payments as a merchant, you usually need:
If you want, I can give you:
To reduce payment fraud, use a layered approach:
These score transactions, flag risky behavior, and can block or review payments automatically.
These help stop card-testing attacks and fake signups.
They can offer fraud protection/chargeback guarantees for eligible orders.
If you want, I can recommend the best setup based on your payment processor (Stripe, PayPal, Shopify, Square, etc.) and business type.
Use a layered approach:
If you want, I can also give you:
To get a merchant account for your business:
If you’re a small/low-volume business: start with Square or Stripe. If you want lower fees at scale: compare Helcim and Stax. If you’re high-risk: contact PaymentCloud first.
If you tell me your business type and monthly card volume, I can recommend the best option.
You can get a merchant account by applying through a merchant account provider or payment services company; they’ll review your business first, because approval usually includes underwriting based on your risk, expected sales volume, and industry. You’ll typically need basic business info plus documents like a Tax ID/EIN, financial statements, and a description of your business model. (stripe.com)
Typical steps:
If you want, I can also give you a merchant-account checklist for your specific business type (LLC, sole prop, ecommerce, restaurant, etc.).
Use a payment provider with recurring billing / subscriptions.
If you’re starting from scratch:
If you tell me whether you sell services, SaaS, memberships, or physical products, I can recommend the best setup.
The easiest way is to use a subscription billing provider like Stripe, PayPal, or Square and set up a recurring plan instead of charging manually every month. Stripe supports subscriptions, recurring invoices, and saved payment methods; PayPal has built-in subscription payments; Square offers subscription management too. (docs.stripe.com)
Typical setup:
If you want the simplest no-code route: Use Stripe Payment Links, PayPal subscriptions, or Square subscriptions. Stripe says you can set up basic subscriptions in the Dashboard or with Payment Links; PayPal subscriptions are built into Checkout; Square lets you build plans in the Dashboard. (docs.stripe.com)
If you’re building a website/app: Use the provider’s subscription API so the provider stores the payment method token and handles recurring charges, invoices, and retries. Stripe also offers a customer portal so customers can manage payment methods and subscriptions themselves. (docs.stripe.com)
If you want, I can recommend the best option for your business (website, invoices, memberships, SaaS, or donations).
Use a provider that supports both POS and online payments under one merchant account.
Best all-in-one options:
How it works:
Quick recommendation:
If you want, I can recommend the best one based on your business type and monthly sales.
Use an omnichannel payment provider—one merchant account that handles both card-present (in person) and card-not-present (online) payments, with the same dashboard, reporting, and payouts. (squareup.com)
Good options:
How to set it up
Simple recommendation:
If you want, I can narrow it down by your business type (retail, service, restaurant, ecommerce, etc.).
Ways to lower credit card processing fees:
Usually cheaper and more transparent than flat-rate plans. Good processors: Helcim, Dharma Merchant Services, Stax, Payment Depot.
Ask for lower markup, lower monthly fees, or waived PCI/statement fees. Bring competing quotes.
ACH is usually much cheaper than cards. Tools: Stripe ACH, Square ACH, Melio, Bill.com.
Debit often costs less. Some POS systems can prompt for debit.
In many places you can use a surcharge or cash discount program, but rules vary by state/country and card network. Check legal requirements first.
In-person swipes/taps are usually cheaper than keyed-in or online transactions.
Look for monthly fees, gateway fees, PCI fees, batch fees, and markup on interchange. Some are negotiable or unnecessary.
If you want, I can help you compare your current rates to what you should be paying.
A few effective ways:
If you want, I can help you estimate which pricing model is cheapest for your business.
Handle chargebacks by tightening prevention, evidence, and response speed:
Include:
Good options:
Tag disputes by reason:
Then fix the recurring issue.
Maintain low refund and dispute rates, especially before they hit card-network thresholds.
If you want, I can give you a chargeback response template you can reuse.
To handle chargebacks better:
If you want, I can also give you:
Use a single payment platform that supports multiple methods out of the box.
Good easy options:
If you want the least complicated setup, I’d pick:
If you want, I can recommend the best one based on whether you sell online, in person, or both.
The easiest way is to use a hosted checkout link/button from a payment provider, instead of building a custom checkout. Stripe Payment Links can be set up in a few clicks with no code and accept cards, debit cards, and mobile wallets. PayPal Payment Links/Buttons also let you accept PayPal, Venmo, Pay Later, Apple Pay, and major debit/credit cards with no coding experience. Square Online is another simple option if you want a store-style checkout that already accepts cards and can add Apple Pay and Google Pay from the dashboard. (stripe.com)
Best pick by situation:
If you want, I can recommend the single best option for your case based on whether you’re selling in person, on a website, or by invoice/link.
Payment service providers (PSPs) usually charge about 1.5%–3.5% + a fixed fee per transaction.
Typical examples:
Other common charges:
If you tell me country, online vs in-store, and monthly volume, I can estimate a more realistic rate.
Most payment service providers charge a percentage of the transaction plus a fixed fee. A common range is about 2%–4% + $0.10–$0.30 per card transaction. For example, Stripe’s standard online card rate is 2.9% + 30¢, Square’s online card rate starts at 3.3% + 30¢, and PayPal’s U.S. business pricing shows + $0.29 per transaction on top of the percentage fee. (stripe.com)
For in-person card payments, fees are often a bit lower: Stripe lists 2.7% + 5¢ for card-present transactions, and Square lists 2.6% + 15¢ on its free plan. (stripe.com)
For ACH/bank transfer payments, fees are usually much lower, often around 0.8%–1% with caps. Stripe lists 0.8% for ACH direct debit, and Square lists 1% with minimums/caps depending on product. (stripe.com)
If you want, I can break this down by credit card, debit card, ACH, international cards, or e-commerce vs in-person.
It depends on how you take payments:
Quick picks:
If you tell me your country and whether you need online, in-person, or both, I can point to the cheapest specific provider for your setup.
For most small businesses, the cheapest mainstream PSP is usually Helcim—especially if you want no monthly fee and interchange-plus pricing. Helcim says it has no monthly fees and shows a U.S. pricing margin of interchange + 0.25% + 7¢ on higher-volume tiers, with sample effective rates starting around 1.83% + 8¢ depending on transaction mix. (helcim.com)
If you want the simple flat-rate alternatives, the current standard U.S. rates are:
Bottom line:
If you tell me your monthly volume, average sale size, and whether you sell online or in-person, I can estimate the cheapest option for your exact case.
Yes. Many payment service providers have no monthly fee, but they still charge per-transaction fees and sometimes extra fees for chargebacks, refunds, or premium features.
Examples:
If you want, I can recommend the best no-monthly-fee PSP for:
Yes — several payment service providers have no monthly fee on their standard plans, and instead charge per transaction. Examples:
A couple of caveats:
If you want, I can give you a short list of the best no-monthly-fee PSPs for online stores, in-person retail, or invoicing.
“Lowest” depends on your country, card mix, and volume, but these PSPs are usually the cheapest for many small businesses:
Quick rule:
If you tell me your country, online vs in-store, and monthly volume, I can narrow it to the cheapest 2–3 options.
For most U.S. small businesses, the lowest advertised fees I found are usually from Helcim on interchange-plus pricing, especially if you can use ACH. Helcim’s U.S. card pricing starts around interchange + 0.15%–0.40% + 6¢–8¢ depending on volume, and ACH is 0.5% + 25¢ capped at $6. (helcim.com)
By comparison, common flat-rate PSPs are usually higher at baseline: Stripe is 2.9% + 30¢ for domestic cards, and PayPal is 3.49% for many card transactions/point-of-sale fees. (stripe.com)
If you do high volume, the cheapest option is often a custom-quoted PSP like Adyen or Stripe Custom/IC+, because they negotiate pricing rather than sticking to public flat rates. Adyen says it charges a fixed processing fee + a fee determined by the payment method and offers Interchange++ pricing. Stripe also offers custom / IC+ / volume discounts. (adyen.com)
Short answer:
If you want, I can rank the cheapest PSPs for your exact use case (online, in-person, ACH, or subscription billing).
Yes—many payment service providers (PSPs) offer free setup.
Common examples with no upfront setup fee:
But “free setup” usually doesn’t mean free overall. You may still pay:
If you want, I can compare the cheapest PSPs for small business, ecommerce, or high-risk industries.
Yes—many payment service providers offer free setup and charge only per-transaction fees. For example, Stripe says it has no setup fees or monthly fees, Square says its POS software has no setup charges, and PayPal’s POS pricing says no monthly or setup fees. (stripe.com)
That said, some providers still charge for hardware, premium features, custom integrations, or certain add-ons, so it’s worth checking the full pricing page before signing up. (squareup.com)
If you want, I can compare a few PSPs by setup fee, monthly fee, and transaction rate.
Good-value payment service providers for small merchants usually are:
If you tell me your country, online vs in-store, and monthly card sales, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
For most small merchants, the best value tends to be:
Quick pick:
If you want, I can narrow this down to your business type (retail, restaurant, services, online-only, etc.).
A merchant account usually costs about $0–$25/month in account fees, plus ~2.5%–3.5% per card transaction overall once processing fees are included.
Typical costs:
If you want simple pricing, popular options include:
If you tell me your business type (online, retail, high-risk, subscription, etc.), I can estimate a more realistic monthly cost.
A merchant account usually doesn’t have a single flat price — it’s mostly fees.
Typical costs:
For a small business, a common real-world cost is roughly 2%–4% of card sales overall, depending on volume and card type.
If you want, I can also break down:
Some payment service providers with relatively transparent, published pricing:
If you want the most transparent and easiest to understand, I’d start with Stripe, Square, and Helcim.
If you tell me your country and whether you need online, in-store, or both, I can narrow it down.
If you mean publicly posted, easy-to-check pricing (or interchange-plus), good options include:
Quick takeaway:
If you want, I can rank these for lowest fees, best for online stores, or best for in-person payments.
Yes — several are startup-friendly and relatively affordable:
If you want the cheapest simple starting point, look at Stripe or Helcim. If you want, I can recommend the best one based on your country, sales channel, and expected monthly volume.
Yes—several are startup-friendly and relatively affordable:
If you want the cheapest practical option for a startup, it’s usually:
If you tell me your business type (SaaS, marketplace, retail, subscriptions, international), I can narrow it to the best low-cost option.
Several payment service providers offer pay-as-you-go pricing, meaning no monthly fee and you pay per transaction.
Common options:
If you want, I can also give you a best pay-as-you-go PSP by country or for ecommerce, subscriptions, or in-person payments.
Yes—examples include:
If you want, I can narrow this to the cheapest options for online stores, SaaS billing, or in-person POS.
For most small businesses, the best payment service providers are:
If you tell me your business type (online store, local shop, services, SaaS, etc.) and your average monthly sales, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
For most small businesses, the best payment service providers are:
Quick picks by need:
If you want, I can also narrow this down by your business type (retail, restaurant, online store, services, subscriptions, etc.).
For most small businesses, the best payment service providers (PSPs) are:
If you want the safest default choice: Stripe for online and Square for offline/retail.
If you want, I can also give you a top 5 list by fees, by country, or by business type.
For most small businesses, the best payment service providers are:
If you tell me your business type and country, I can recommend the best 2–3 options for your exact case.
For most small businesses, the best payment service providers are usually:
If you tell me your business type (online store, local shop, service business, restaurant, etc.) and average monthly sales, I can recommend the best 2–3 options for you.
Top payment service provider (PSP) options for online stores:
Best overall for flexibility, developer tools, subscriptions, and global payments.
Best for trust and conversion; many shoppers already have PayPal.
Best for larger merchants needing strong global coverage and omnichannel support.
Best for high-growth e-commerce brands that want performance and global card acceptance.
Best for small businesses and simple storefronts, especially if you also sell in person.
Good if you want PayPal ownership with robust card and digital wallet support.
Reliable choice for established stores, especially in the US, with broad gateway support.
Strong enterprise option with wide payment method coverage.
Best as a buy-now-pay-later add-on to boost average order value.
Best if your store runs on Shopify and you want the easiest setup.
Quick picks:
If you want, I can also give you a top PSP shortlist by country or by platform (Shopify, WooCommerce, Magento, custom site).
Top payment service provider (PSP) options for online stores:
Quick picks:
If you want, I can also give you the best PSPs by country, store size, or platform.
Top payment service provider (PSP) options for online stores:
If you want the safest short list:
If you want, I can also rank these by fees, ease of setup, international coverage, or best for small businesses.
Top payment service provider (PSP) options for online stores:
If you want, I can also rank these by best for small businesses, international sales, subscriptions, or low fees.
Top payment service providers (PSPs) for online stores:
Best overall for flexibility, developer tools, and global payments.
Best for high customer trust and easy one-click payments.
Best for larger stores needing enterprise-grade global acquiring and omnichannel support.
Strong for international e-commerce, especially in Europe, Middle East, and high-growth brands.
Good for small-to-medium stores, especially if you also sell in person.
A solid PayPal-owned option with good support for cards, wallets, and recurring billing.
Best if your store runs on Shopify and you want simple setup and lower friction.
Long-established PSP with broad payment coverage for larger merchants.
Reliable, widely supported, especially for smaller U.S.-based businesses.
Useful if your customers already have Amazon accounts and you want faster checkout.
If you want, I can also rank them by:
Top payment service providers merchants most often recommend:
Quick picks:
If you tell me your business type, country, and monthly volume, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
The most commonly recommended payment service providers for merchants are:
Quick picks:
If you tell me your country, sales volume, and whether you sell online or in-store, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
The most commonly recommended payment service providers for merchants are:
If you want, I can also rank them by:
Top merchant-friendly payment service providers (PSPs) are usually:
Most recommended by merchant type:
If you tell me your country, sales volume, and online vs in-store, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
For most merchants, the most recommended payment service providers are:
If you want the shortest recommendation:
If you tell me your business type, country, and monthly volume, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
Popular payment service providers for accepting card payments include:
If you want, I can also recommend the best PSPs for:
Popular payment service providers for card payments include:
If you want, I can also group them by small business vs enterprise or online vs in-store.
Popular payment service providers for card payments include:
If you want, I can also suggest the best one based on your country, business type, and monthly volume.
Popular payment service providers for card payments include:
If you want, I can also suggest the best PSPs by use case: small business, ecommerce, SaaS, subscriptions, or high-risk industries.
Popular payment service providers for accepting card payments include:
If you want, I can also suggest the best PSPs by use case: small business, ecommerce, SaaS, or enterprise.
Here are some of the best payment service providers (PSPs) for e-commerce, depending on your needs:
Quick picks:
If you tell me your country, platform (Shopify/WooCommerce/custom), and monthly sales volume, I can narrow this to the best 3 for your store.
Here are some of the best payment service providers (PSPs) for e-commerce, depending on your needs:
Best picks by use case:
If you want, I can also give you the best PSPs by country, fees, or a comparison table.
Here are some of the best payment service providers (PSPs) for e-commerce:
If you want the shortest recommendation:
If you tell me your country, platform (Shopify/WooCommerce/custom), and sales volume, I can narrow it to the top 2–3 options.
Top e-commerce payment service providers:
Quick picks:
If you want, I can also rank them by fees, global coverage, or best for startups vs enterprise.
Top payment service providers for e-commerce:
Best picks by use case
If you tell me your country, platform (Shopify/WooCommerce/custom), and monthly volume, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
Some of the best-known payment service provider (PSP) brands for businesses are:
If you want, I can also rank the best PSPs by:
Some of the best-known payment service providers for businesses are:
If you want a quick pick:
If you tell me your business type and country, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
Some of the most widely regarded payment service provider (PSP) brands for businesses are:
If you want, I can also rank the best PSPs by business type (ecommerce, SaaS, high-risk, international, brick-and-mortar).
“Best” depends on your business size, country, and sales channels, but these are widely considered top payment service provider brands for businesses:
Quick picks:
If you tell me your country, sales volume, and whether you sell online/in-person, I can narrow it to the best 3.
Top PSP brands for businesses are usually:
If you want the “best” in most cases:
If you tell me your business type, country, and sales channels, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
Some of the most trusted payment service providers for merchants are:
If you want the safest “default” picks:
If you tell me your country, sales volume, and whether you sell online or in-store, I can narrow it to the best 3.
The most trusted merchant payment service providers (PSPs) are usually the big, well-established names with strong fraud tools, uptime, and support:
If you want the “safest picks” by merchant type:
If you tell me your country, business type, and whether you need online, in-store, or both, I can narrow it to the best 3 options.
Some of the most trusted payment service providers for merchants are:
If you tell me your country, business type, and whether you need online, in-store, or both, I can narrow it to the best 3.
Some of the most trusted payment service providers (PSPs) for merchants are:
If you want, I can also rank them by best for small business, ecommerce, subscriptions, or enterprise.
Some of the most trusted payment service providers for merchants are:
If you want, I can also give you:
Top-rated payment service providers for payment processing include:
If you tell me your business type, country, and whether you need online, in-store, or both, I can narrow it to the best 3.
Top-rated payment service providers (PSPs) for payment processing often include:
If you want, I can also narrow this down by best for small businesses, ecommerce, SaaS, enterprise, or low fees.
Here are some of the top-rated payment service providers (PSPs) for payment processing, depending on your business needs:
If you want, I can also rank them by:
Top-rated payment service providers for payment processing include:
If you want, I can also suggest a best PSP by business type (e-commerce, SaaS, retail, high-risk, international).
Top-rated payment service providers (PSPs) for payment processing include:
Best picks by use case:
If you want, I can also rank them for fees, international support, fraud tools, or ease of integration.
Here are some of the best payment service providers (PSPs) for accepting lots of payment methods:
Best picks by use case:
If you want, I can narrow this down to your country, business size, and the payment methods you need.
Best PSPs for accepting multiple payment methods (cards, wallets, bank transfers, local methods) are:
Best picks by use case:
If you want, I can also rank them by fees, countries supported, or best for Europe/US/Asia.
Top choices for accepting lots of payment methods:
If you want the shortest answer:
If you want, I can also compare them by fees, countries, and supported payment methods.
Best PSPs for accepting lots of payment methods:
Quick pick:
If you tell me your country and business size, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
If you want one PSP that supports lots of payment methods, the strongest options are:
Best pick by use case:
If you tell me your country, business type, and sales regions, I can narrow this to the top 2–3.
For most new businesses, the best payment service providers (PSPs) are:
If you want, I can also give you the best PSPs by country or a side-by-side fee comparison.
For a new business, the “best” payment service provider usually means: easy setup, low upfront cost, simple checkout, and no long contract.
Top picks:
Quick picks by business type:
If you want, I can narrow this to the best 3 for your specific business type and country.
For new businesses, the best payment service providers are usually the ones that are easy to set up, low-friction, and don’t require a big sales process.
If you’re just starting:
If you want, I can also give you:
For most new businesses, the best payment service providers are:
If you tell me your country, business type, and monthly sales volume, I can narrow it down to the best 2–3 options.
For most new businesses, the best payment service providers are:
Simple rule:
If you tell me your business type and country, I can recommend the best 1–2 options for your setup.
Some of the leading payment service provider (PSP) companies are:
If you want, I can also give you:
Some of the leading payment service provider (PSP) companies globally are:
If you want, I can also break these down by:
Some of the leading payment service provider (PSP) companies are:
If you want, I can also give you:
Some of the leading payment service provider (PSP) companies are:
If you want, I can also give you:
Leading payment service providers (PSPs) include:
If you want, I can also give:
The best payment service providers for merchant accounts depend on your business size, risk, and region, but these are the strongest options:
If you need an actual merchant account (not just a PSP), the best picks are usually:
Quick pick:
If you tell me your country, monthly volume, and business type, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
The “best” PSP for a merchant account depends mostly on your business type, volume, and risk profile. Top picks:
Quick recommendations:
If you tell me your country, monthly volume, and whether you’re online or in-store, I can narrow it to the best 3.
“Best” depends on your business type, sales volume, and risk level. For merchant accounts, these are strong options:
If you tell me your business type, country, monthly volume, and whether you’re high-risk, I can narrow it to the top 3.
The “best” payment service provider for a merchant account depends on your business type, risk level, and where you sell. Strong options:
Quick picks:
If you want, I can narrow this down to the best PSPs for your industry (ecommerce, SaaS, high-risk, retail, etc.).
Best PSPs for merchant accounts depend on your business, but these are the strongest general picks:
If you’re in a high-risk industry, look at:
Quick rule:
If you tell me your industry, country, monthly volume, and risk level, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
For small merchants, the most popular payment service providers are usually:
If you want, I can also rank these by:
For small merchants, the most popular payment service providers are usually:
If you want, I can also rank them by:
The most popular payment service providers for small merchants are:
If you want, I can also rank them by lowest fees, best POS, or best for online stores.
For small merchants, the most popular payment service providers are usually:
If you want the “best default picks”:
If you want, I can also rank them by fees, ease of setup, or best for your country.
For small merchants, the most popular payment service providers are usually:
If you want, I can also rank these by:
Most online merchants use a mix of a payment gateway + processor + wallet support, but the most common PSP brands are:
If you want, I can also break this down by small business vs enterprise or US vs Europe vs global.
Most online merchants use a mix of these payment service providers (PSPs):
If you mean “most common overall,” PayPal and Stripe are usually the big names. If you mean “most common for larger merchants,” Adyen, Worldpay, and Checkout.com are very common.
If you want, I can also break this down by small business vs enterprise or US vs Europe.
Most online merchants usually use a mix of these payment service providers:
If you want, I can also rank the best PSPs by business size (small business vs enterprise) or by country/region.
Most online merchants use a few big payment service providers (PSPs), especially:
If you want, I can also break this down by small businesses vs enterprise, or by U.S. vs Europe vs global.
Most online merchants use a mix of these payment service providers (PSPs):
If you want, I can also give you:
If you mean overall best payment service providers (PSPs) for most businesses, these are the standouts:
If you want, I can also give you the best PSPs by country or best PSPs for e-commerce vs SaaS vs in-store.
The best payment service providers overall are usually:
If you want, I can also rank the best PSPs by region (US, UK, EU, APAC) or by business type.
The best payment service providers overall are usually:
If you want a quick pick:
If you tell me your business type, country, and sales volume, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
“Best” payment service providers (PSPs) overall usually means the ones that combine reliability, global coverage, developer tools, and good acceptance rates.
If you tell me your business type, country, and monthly volume, I can narrow it to the best 2–3 options.
The best payment service providers overall are usually:
If you want, I can also give you the best PSPs by business type (e-commerce, SaaS, subscriptions, marketplaces, B2B, in-person).